Metadata for 2001 National Land Cover Data (NLCD) for Montana Metadata for 2001 National Land Cover Data (NLCD) for Montana
Identification Information:
Citation:
Originator: U.S. Geological Survey
Publication date: 02/11/2011
Title: 2001 National Land Cover Data (NLCD) for Montana
Edition: 2.0
Series name: None
Issue identification: None
Publication place: Sioux Falls, SD
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey
Other citation details:
References:
Homer, C., C. Huang, L. Yang, B. Wylie and M. Coan, 2004. Development of a 2001 national land cover database for the United States. Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing Vol.70,No.7,pp 829-840 or online at www.mrlc.gov/publications.
The USGS acknowledges the support of USGS/EROS NLCD Mapping Team in development of data in this zone.
Online linkage: http://gisdata.usgs.gov/TDDS/DownloadFile.php?TYPE=nlcd2001v2&FNAME=NLCD2001_landcover_v2_2-13-11.zip
Larger Work Citation:
Title: 2016 National Land Cover Data
Online linkage: https://mslservices.mt.gov/Geographic_Information/Data/DataList/datalist_Details.aspx?did={7670ad63-9233-4754-87d6-da0138c7f8e6}

Abstract:
The National Land Cover Database 2001 Land Cover Version 2.0 layer produced through a cooperative project conducted by the Multi-Resolution Land Characteristics (MRLC) Consortium. The MRLC Consortium is a partnership of federal agencies (www.mrlc.gov), consisting of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), the U.S. Forest Service (USFS), the National Park Service (NPS), the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS), the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) and the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS). One of the primary goals of the project is to generate a current, consistent, seamless, and accurate National Land cover Database (NLCD) circa 2001 for the United States at medium spatial resolution. This landcover map and all documents pertaining to it are considered "provisional" until a formal accuracy assessment can be conducted. For a detailed definition and discussion on MRLC and the NLCD 2001 products, refer to Homer et al. (2004) and http://www.mrlc.gov/mrlc2k.asp.

The NLCD 2001 is created by partitioning the U.S. into mapping zones. A total of 66 mapping zones were delineated within the conterminous U.S. based on ecoregion and geographical characteristics, edge matching features and the size requirement of Landsat mosaics. This update represents a seamless assembly of updated NLCD 2001 Land Cover (Version 2.0) for all 66 MRLC mapping zones. An update to the original version was initiated when generation of NLCD 2006 data products identified some update issues in the NLCD 2001 land cover and percent developed imperviousness data products. These issues were evaluated and corrected, necessitating a reissue of NLCD 2001 data products (NLCD 2001 Version 2.0) as part of the NLCD 2006 release. Questions about the NLCD the NLCD 2001 Land Cover Version 2.0 can be directed to the NLCD 2001 land cover mapping team at the USGS/EROS, Sioux Falls, SD (605) 594-6151 or mrlc@usgs.gov.
Purpose:
The goal of this project is to provide the Nation with complete, current and consistent public domain information on its land use and land cover.
Supplemental information:
Corner Coordinates (center of pixel, projection meters)
Upper Left Corner: -2493045 meters(X), 3310005 meters(Y)
Lower Right Corner: -177285 meters(X), 2342655 meters(Y)

Time period of content:
Beginning date: 04/28/1999
Ending date: 07/26/2004
Currentness reference: ground condition
Status:
Progress: In work
Maintenance and update frequency: Every 5 years
Access constraints: None
Use constraints: None
Point of contact:
Customer Services Representative
U.S. Geological Survey
USGS/EROS
47914 252nd Street
Sioux Falls, SD 57198-0001


Telephone: 605/594-6151
TDD/TTY telephone: 605/594-6933
Fax: 605/594-6589
E-Mail: custserv@usgs.gov


Contact instructions:
The USGS point of contact is for questions relating to the data display and download from this web site. For questions regarding data content and quality, refer to:
http://www.mrlc.gov/mrlc2k.asp or email: mrlc@usgs.gov
Data set credit: U.S. Geological Survey
Security information:
Security classification system: None
Security classification: Unclassified
Security handling description: N/A
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Data Quality Information:
Attribute accuracy report:
The information on data quality for the NLCD 2001 Land Cover Version 2.0 was generated by the Decision Tree algorithm that conducts a cross-validation for assessing classification and prediction reliability. No formal independent accuracy assessment of the NLCD 2001 Land Cover Version 2.0 land cover has been made. The regression tree algorithm employed in NLCD 2001 mapping offers a cross-validation option for assessing classification and prediction reliability. Cross-validation can provide relatively reliable estimates for land cover predictions if the reference data used for cross-validation are collected based on a statistically valid sampling design. For the NLCD 2001 Land Cover Version 2.0 land cover modeling, a 5-fold cross-validation was conducted by dividing the entire training data set into 5 subsets of equal size. For each model run, an accuracy estimate was derived using one subset to evaluate the model prediction (with the model developed using the remaining training samples). This process was repeated 5 times. After all 5 runs, an average value of all accuracy estimates from the 5 runs were computed. Users should be cautioned that these cross-validation results provide users with only first-order estimates of data quality, and should not be considered a formal accuracy assessment. This landcover map and all documents pertaining to it are considered "provisional" until a formal accuracy assessment can be conducted.
Quantitative attribute accuracy assessment:
Attribute accuracy value: 78.7
Attribute accuracy explanation:
The value above represents the overall accuracy of the NLCD 2001 Land Cover Version 1.0 layer at Anderson Level II as reported in the following manuscript: Wickham, J. D., Stehman S. V., Fry, J. A., Smith, J. H., & Homer, C. G., (2010), Thematic accuracy of the NLCD 2001 land cover for the conterminous United States, Remote Sensing of Environment, 114, 1286 - 1296. An accuracy assessment of the revised portions of the NLCD 2001 Land Cover Version 2.0 layer has not been completed and those areas are considered provisional until a formal accuracy assessment has been completed. The U.S. Geological Survey can make no guarantee as to the accuracy or completeness of this information, and it is provided with the understanding that it is not guaranteed to be correct or complete. Conclusions drawn from this information are the responsibility of the user.

Logical consistency report:
The NLCD 2001 database for the NLCD 2001 Land Cover Version 2.0 consists of three main data products including: (1) per pixel classified land-cover data (2) sub-pixel percent imperviousness and (3) sub-pixel percent tree canopy density. Additional information may be found at http://www.mrlc.gov/mrlc2k_nlcd.asp.
Completeness report:
This NLCD product of the NLCD 2001 Land Cover Version 2.0 Land Cover layer is the version dated February 13, 2011.


Horizontal Positional Accuracy Report: N/A

Vertical positional accuracy report: N/A


Lineage:

Process step:
The land cover classification was achieved by use of a classification and decision tree method (DT) using a combination of Landsat imagery and ancillary data. The specific DT program employed is called C5, which implements a gain ratio criterion in tree development and pruning (Quinlan, 1993). C5 also implemented several advanced features that can aid and improve land cover classification, including boosting and cross-validation. Boosting is a technique for improving classification accuracy, while cross-validation can provide certain level of estimation regarding the land cover classification quality. In addition, C5 can generate a confidence estimate for each classified pixel and record the associated classification logic in a text file that can be readily interpreted and incorporated into a metadata system.

To conduct the land cover classification using DT, a large quantity of training data is required. For the NLCD 2001 Land Cover Version 2.0, training data were collected from several combined sources including Idaho GAP Data, Nevada GAP Data, Southwest Regional GAP Data, and Snake River Plain data.

Note that the training data were used to map all land cover classes except for four classes in urban and sub-urban areas (developed open space, low intensity developed, medium intensity developed, high intensity developed). All urban and suburban land cover classes were mapped and quality assessed separately through a sub-pixel quantification of impervious surfaces using a regression tree modeling method.

Following the development of the best classification through decision tree modeling, additional steps were required to complete the final land cover product. The four classes in urban and suburban areas were determined from the percent imperviousness mapping product (described in the next section). The threshold for the four classes is: (1) developed open space (imperviousness < 20%), (2) low-intensity developed (imperviousness from 20 - 49%), (3) medium intensity developed (imperviousness from 50 -79%), and (4) high-intensity developed (imperviousness > 79%). Other classes of forest and non-forest were combined with the urban classes to complete the land cover product. Finally visual inspection of the classification was made with areas/pixels that were wrongly classified delineated first as an "area of interest" (AOI), subsequently then limited manual editing was done to eliminate the classification error within the AOI.

The completed single pixel product was then generalized to a 1 acre (approximately 5 ETM 30 m pixel patch) minimum mapping unit product using a "smart eliminate" algorithm. This aggregation program subsumes pixels from the single pixel level to a 5-pixel patch using a queens algorithm at doubling intervals. The algorithm consults a weighting matrix to guide merging of cover types by similarity, resulting in a product that preserves land cover logic as much as possible.
For Landsat Scene Acquisition dates and identification numbers for imagery used in the NLCD 2001 land, please see: appendix2_nlcd2001_scene_list_by_zone.txt

Landsat data and ancillary data used for the land cover prediction -

Data Type of DEM composed of 1 band of Continuous Variable Type.

Data Type of Slope composed of 1 band of Continuous Variable Type.

Data Type of Aspect composed of 1 band of Categorical Variable Type.

Data type of Position Index composed of 1 band of Continuous Variable Type.
Process date: Unknown
Process contact:
Customer Service Representative
U.S. Geological Survey
USGS/EROS
47914 252nd Street
Sioux Falls, SD 57198-0001


Telephone: 605/594-6151
TDD/TTY telephone: 605/594-6933
Fax: 605/594-6589
E-Mail: custserv@usgs.gov


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Spatial Data Organization Information:
Raster object information:
Raster object type: Pixel
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Entity and Attribute Information:
Entity type label: nlcd2001_landcover_v2_2-13-11.img.vat
Entity type definition: NLDC Land Cover Layer

Attribute label: ObjectID
Attribute definition: Internal feature number
Attribute domain:
Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated.

Attribute label: Count
Attribute definition:
A nominal integer value that designates the number of pixels that have each value in the file; histogram column in ERDAS Imagine raster attributes table
Attribute domain: Integer

Attribute label: Value
Attribute definition: Land Cover Class Code Value.


Attribute
Value
Definition of
Attribute Value
11 Open Water - All areas of open water, generally with less than 25% cover or vegetation or soil
12 Perennial Ice/Snow - All areas characterized by a perennial cover of ice and/or snow,generally greater than 25% of total cover.
21 Developed, Open Space - Includes areas with a mixture of some constructed materials, but mostly vegetation in the form of lawn grasses. Impervious surfaces account for less than 20 percent of total cover. These areas most commonly include large-lot single-family housing units, parks, golf courses, and vegetation planted in developed settings for recreation, erosion control, or aesthetic purposes.
22 Developed, Low Intensity -Includes areas with a mixture of constructed materials and vegetation. Impervious surfaces account for 20-49 percent of total cover. These areas most commonly include single-family housing units.
23 Developed, Medium Intensity - Includes areas with a mixture of constructed materials and vegetation. Impervious surfaces account for 50-79 percent of the total cover. These areas most commonly include single-family housing units.
24 Developed, High Intensity - Includes highly developed areas where people reside or work in high numbers. Examples include apartment complexes, row houses and commercial/industrial. Impervious surfaces account for 80 to100 percent of the total cover.
31 Barren Land (Rock/Sand/Clay) - Barren areas of bedrock, desert pavement, scarps, talus, slides, volcanic material, glacial debris, sand dunes, strip mines, gravel pits and other accumulations of earthen material. Generally, vegetation accounts for less than 15% of total cover.
41 Deciduous Forest - Areas dominated by trees generally greater than 5 meters tall, and greater than 20% of total vegetation cover. More than 75 percent of the tree species shed foliage simultaneously in response to seasonal change.
42 Evergreen Forest - Areas dominated by trees generally greater than 5 meters tall, and greater than 20% of total vegetation cover. More than 75 percent of the tree species maintain their leaves all year. Canopy is never without green foliage. Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: NLCD Legend Land Cover Class Descriptions
43 Mixed Forest - Areas dominated by trees generally greater than 5 meters tall, and greater than 20% of total vegetation cover. Neither deciduous nor evergreen species are greater than 75 percent of total tree cover.
51 Dwarf Scrub - Alaska only areas dominated by shrubs less than 20 centimeters tall with shrub canopy typically greater than 20% of total vegetation. This type is often co-associated with grasses, sedges, herbs, and non-vascular vegetation.
52 Shrub/Scrub - Areas dominated by shrubs; less than 5 meters tall with shrub canopy typically greater than 20% of total vegetation. This class includes true shrubs, young trees in an early successional stage or trees stunted from environmental conditions.
71 Grassland/Herbaceous - Areas dominated by grammanoid or herbaceous vegetation, generally greater than 80% of total vegetation. These areas are not subject to intensive management such as tilling, but can be utilized for grazing.
72 Sedge/Herbaceous - Alaska only areas dominated by sedges and forbs, generally greater than 80% of total vegetation. This type can occur with significant other grasses or other grass like plants, and includes sedge tundra, and sedge tussock tundra.
73 Lichens - Alaska only areas dominated by fruticose or foliose lichens generally greater than 80% of total vegetation.
74 Moss- Alaska only areas dominated by mosses, generally greater than 80% of total vegetation.
81 Pasture/Hay - Areas of grasses, legumes, or grass-legume mixtures planted for livestock grazing or the production of seed or hay crops, typically on a perennial cycle. Pasture/hay vegetation accounts for greater than 20 percent of total vegetation.
82 Cultivated Crops - Areas used for the production of annual crops, such as corn, soybeans, vegetables, tobacco, and cotton, and also perennial woody crops such as orchards and vineyards. Crop vegetation accounts for greater than 20 percent of total vegetation. This class also includes all land being actively tilled.
90 Woody Wetlands - Areas where forest or shrub land vegetation accounts for greater than 20 percent of vegetative cover and the soil or substrate is periodically saturated with or covered with water.
95 Emergent Herbaceous Wetlands - Areas where perennial herbaceous vegetation accounts for greater than 80 percent of vegetative cover and the soil or substrate is periodically saturated with or covered with water.

Attribute label: Red
Attribute definition:
Red color code for RGB. The value is arbitrarily assigned by the display software package, unless defined by user.
Range domain minimum: 0
Range domain maximum: 100
Attribute units of measure: Percentage
Attribute measurement resolution: 0.1

Attribute label: Green
Attribute definition:
Green color code for RGB. The value is arbitrarily assigned by the display software package, unless defined by user.
Range domain minimum: 0
Range domain maximum: 100
Attribute units of measure: Percentage
Attribute measurement resolution: 0.1

Attribute label: Blue
Attribute definition:
Blue color code for RGB. The value is arbitrarily assigned by the display software package, unless defined by user.
Range domain minimum: 0
Range domain maximum: 100
Attribute units of measure: Percentage
Attribute measurement resolution: 0.1

Attribute label: Land cover class

Attribute label: Opacity
Attribute definition:
A measure of how opaque, or solid, a color is displayed in a layer.
Range domain minimum: 0
Range domain maximum: 100
Attribute units of measure: Percentage
Attribute measurement resolution: 0.1

Entity and attribute overview: Land Cover Class RGB Color Value Table
Entity and attribute detail citation:
Attributes defined by USGS and ESRI.
Value Red Green Blue
0 0.00000000000 0.00000000000 0.00000000000
11 0.27843137255 0.41960784314 0.62745098039
12 0.81960784314 0.86666666667 0.97647058824
21 0.86666666667 0.78823529412 0.78823529412
22 0.84705882353 0.57647058824 0.50980392157
23 0.92941176471 0.00000000000 0.00000000000
24 0.66666666667 0.00000000000 0.00000000000
31 0.69803921569 0.67843137255 0.63921568628
41 0.40784313726 0.66666666667 0.38823529412
42 0.10980392157 0.38823529412 0.18823529412
43 0.70980392157 0.78823529412 0.55686274510
51 0.64705882353 0.54901960784 0.18823529412
52 0.80000000000 0.72941176471 0.48627450980
71 0.88627450980 0.88627450980 0.75686274510
72 0.78823529412 0.78823529412 0.46666666667
73 0.60000000000 0.75686274510 0.27843137255
74 0.46666666667 0.67843137255 0.57647058824
81 0.85882352941 0.84705882353 0.23921568628
82 0.66666666667 0.43921568628 0.15686274510
90 0.72941176471 0.84705882353 0.91764705882
95 0.43921568628 0.63921568628 0.72941176471
Entity and attribute overview: N/A
Entity and attribute detail citation:
Attribute accuracy is described, where present, with each attribute defined in the Entity and Attribute Section.
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Distribution Information:
Distributor:
Customer Service Representative
U.S. Geological Survey
USGS/EROS
47914 252nd Street
Sioux Falls, SD 57198-0001


Telephone: 605/594-6151
Telephone: 605/594-6151
TDD/TTY telephone: 605/594-6933
Fax: 605/594-6589
E-Mail: custserv@usgs.gov
E-Mail: custserv@usgs.gov


Contact instructions:
The USGS point of contact is for questions relating to the data display and download from this web site. Questions about the NLCD the NLCD 2001 Land Cover Version 2.0 can be directed to the NLCD 2001 land cover mapping team at the USGS/EROS, Sioux Falls, SD (605) 594-6151 or mrlc@usgs.gov.
Resource description: Downloadable data


Distribution liability:
Although these data have been processed successfully on a computer system at the USGS, no warranty expressed or implied is made by the USGS regarding the use of the data on any other system, nor does the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. Data may have been compiled from various outside sources. Spatial information may not meet National Map Accuracy Standards. This information may be updated without notification. The USGS shall not be liable for any activity involving these data, installation, fitness of the data for a particular purpose, its use, or analyses results.

Standard order process:
Digital form:
Format name: Arc/Info Export Format and/or ArcView Shapefile
megabytes
Online option:
http://seamless.usgs.gov
Fees: None
Ordering instructions: Contact Customer Services
Turnaround: Variable
Custom order process: Contact Customer Services Representative
Technical prerequisites:
ESRI ArcMap Suite and/or Arc/Info software, and supporting operating systems.
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Metadata Reference Information:
Metadata date: 05/13/2011
Metadata contact:
Customer Services Representative
U.S. Geological Survey
USGS/EROS
47914 252nd Street
Sioux Falls, SD 57198-0001


Telephone: 605/594-6151
TDD/TTY telephone: 605/594-6933
Fax: 605/594-6589
E-Mail: custserv@usgs.gov


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